IELTS vs TOEFL: What’s the Difference & Which Should You Take?
Struggling to choose between IELTS vs TOEFL? Learn which English test is best for you. Discover their key differences and compare format, scoring, and difficulty.
If you’re a non-native English speaker and planning to study or work abroad, you might need to prove your English skills. Two major English proficiency tests are IELTS and TOEFL. Choosing between them can be tough. This article will help you understand the differences so you can decide which test suits you best.
What Are IELTS and TOEFL?
IELTS stands for International English Language Testing System. TOEFL stands for Test of English as a Foreign Language. Both tests measure your English skills in four key areas:
- Listening
- Reading
- Writing
- Speaking
Both tests are accepted by universities, immigration agencies, and employers around the world.
People take IELTS or TOEFL to prove their English proficiency for different purposes. Most often, these tests are required for university admissions, especially in English-speaking countries. They’re also used for immigration, work visas, or professional certification.
Government agencies, employers, and academic institutions rely on these scores to assess whether you can function effectively in an English-speaking environment, but they do have a couple of differences.
Key Differences at a Glance
When deciding what test is right for you, it’s helpful to understand how IELTS and TOEFL compare in structure, style, and delivery. Here’s a quick overview of their key differences.
| Feature | IELTS | TOEFL |
|---|---|---|
| Format | Paper-based or computer-based | Computer-based (mostly) |
| Duration | 2 hours 45 minutes | Around 2 hours |
| Accent variety | British, Australian, others | Mostly American |
| Speaking section | Face-to-face interview | Recorded responses |
| Scoring scale | 0-9 bands | 0-120 points |
| Writing tasks | Essay + Graph/Letter | Two essays |
| Acceptance | UK, Australia, Canada, more | USA, Canada, some UK schools |
IELTS Overview
IELTS is available in two versions:
- IELTS Academic: For higher education or professional registration.
- IELTS General Training: For migration and work experience.
You can take IELTS on paper or a computer. The test has four sections:
📘 IELTS Sections
| Section | Time |
|---|---|
| Listening | 30 minutes + 10 minutes transfer time |
| Reading | 60 minutes |
| Writing | 60 minutes |
| Speaking | 11–14 minutes (may be on the same or a different day) |
| Total | ~2 hours 45 minutes |
Listening
You will listen to four recordings and answer 40 questions. The recordings reflect real-life situations, such as conversations, academic discussions, and monologues. You’ll hear a variety of accents, including British, Australian, New Zealand, and North American.
The questions test your ability to understand main ideas, details, opinions, and the speaker’s purpose. You only hear the recordings once, so focus is key.
Reading
The Reading section has 40 questions based on three texts. In the Academic version, you’ll read passages from journals, newspapers, and textbooks. The General Training version includes material from notices, advertisements, and workplace documents.
Questions test your ability to understand gist, main ideas, detail, logical arguments, and the writer’s attitude or purpose. You have 60 minutes to complete this section.
Writing
You must complete two tasks in 60 minutes.
- Task 1 (150 words): In the Academic test, you’ll describe a graph, chart, table, or diagram. In the General Training test, you’ll write a letter — formal, semi-formal, or informal.
- Task 2 (250 words): You’ll write an essay in response to a question or argument. This task assesses your ability to present a clear position, develop ideas, and use English accurately and fluently.
Speaking
The Speaking section is a face-to-face conversation with an examiner and lasts 11–14 minutes.
- Part 1: You answer general questions about yourself, your home, work, studies, and interests.
- Part 2: You speak for one to two minutes on a topic after one minute of preparation.
- Part 3: You discuss more complex ideas related to the topic in Part 2. This section tests your ability to express yourself clearly, develop your answers, and use appropriate grammar and vocabulary.
TOEFL Overview
TOEFL is mainly used for academic purposes. It is almost always computer-based (TOEFL iBT) and has 4 sections.
📗 TOEFL iBT Section (as of July 26, 2023)
| Section | Time |
|---|---|
| Reading | 35 minutes |
| Listening | 36 minutes |
| Speaking | 16 minutes |
| Writing | 29 minutes |
| Total | ~1 hour 56 minutes |
Reading
You will read 2 academic passages, each about 700 words long. These texts are similar to university-level material.
After reading each passage, you’ll answer multiple-choice questions. These test your understanding of main ideas, details, inferences, vocabulary, and the organization of the text.
You’ll have 35 minutes to complete 20 questions.
Listening
You will listen to lectures and conversations found in a university setting. There are typically 3–4 lectures (each 3–5 minutes long), with 6 questions per lecture, and 2–3 conversations. You’ll answer questions about the speaker’s tone, purpose, main ideas, and details.
The section lasts 36 minutes. You can take notes during listening and use them to help answer the questions.
Speaking
The Speaking section has four tasks. You’ll speak into a microphone, and your responses are recorded and scored by AI and human raters.
There are four speaking tasks:
- Two independent (your opinion)
- Two integrated (based on reading/listening)
This is how the tasks are broken down:
- Task 1: Express your opinion on a familiar topic.
- Tasks 2–4: Combine skills (reading/listening and speaking). For example, you might read a passage, listen to a lecture, and then summarize the information.
You have 16 minutes total, and each response is timed, so clear structure and fluency are important. You get 15–30 seconds of preparation time before each response, and your response should be 45 or 60 seconds long.
Writing
You’ll complete two writing tasks in 30 minutes.
- Integrated Task (20 minutes): Read a short passage, listen to a lecture on the same topic, then write a summary showing how the lecture relates to the reading.
- Writing for an Academic Discussion Task (10 minutes): Write an essay where you share your viewpoint on a given topic, backing it up with clear reasons and examples.
Both tasks test your ability to write clearly, organize your ideas, and use accurate grammar and vocabulary.
Note: The TOEFL iBT was streamlined in July 2023 to reduce the overall test duration from approximately 3 hours to under 2 hours.
IELTS vs TOEFL: Scoring Differences
IELTS uses a band score. TOEFL gives a total out of 120. Institutions usually list score requirements for both.
| Section | IELTS Score Range | TOEFL Score Range |
| Listening | 0–9 | 0–30 |
| Reading | 0–9 | 0–30 |
| Writing | 0–9 | 0–30 |
| Speaking | 0–9 | 0–30 |
| Total Score | 0–9 (average) | 0–120 (sum) |
Understanding Your Score: IELTS, TOEFL & the CEFR
Before choosing your test, it’s important to know what your score really means. Both IELTS and TOEFL scores can be compared to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). The CEFR is an international standard used to describe language ability on a six-level scale from A1 (beginner) to C2 (proficient).
CEFR helps universities, employers, and immigration bodies understand your actual level of English, regardless of the test. Knowing how your score maps to CEFR can help you set goals and track your progress more clearly.
Here’s how IELTS and TOEFL scores align with CEFR levels:
CEFR Level | English Ability Description | IELTS Band | TOEFL iBT Score |
|---|---|---|---|
| C2 | Proficient: Near-native fluency | 8.5–9.0 | 115–120 |
| C1 | Advanced: Effective operational use | 7.0–8.0 | 95–114 |
| B2 | Upper-Intermediate | 5.5–6.5 | 72–94 |
| B1 | Intermediate | 4.0–5.0 | 42–71 |
| A2 | Elementary | 3.0–3.5 | 32–41 |
| A1 | Beginner | 1.0–2.5 | 0–31 |
These are general guidelines, not official equivalencies, but they give a solid estimate of how your score reflects your English level. Most universities and employers expect at least a B2 or C1 level. Immigration bodies often require a B1 or B2, depending on the country.
Which Test Is Easier?
This depends on your strengths.
- If you’re more comfortable speaking to a person, choose IELTS.
- If you prefer typing and computer tests, choose TOEFL.
- If you struggle with multiple-choice questions, IELTS may be easier.
- If you’re more academic in style, TOEFL may suit you.
Test Availability
Both tests are widely available. IELTS has more than 1,600 centers worldwide. TOEFL is available in over 165 countries. You can usually book a test every week.
How Much Do the Tests Cost?
Prices vary by country. Here’s a general comparison:
| Test | Cost Range (USD) |
| IELTS | $215 – $310 |
| TOEFL | $180 – $300 |
Always check your local test center for exact fees.
How Long Are the Results Valid?
Both IELTS and TOEFL results are valid for two years. After that, you must retake the test.
Where Are These Tests Accepted?
| Region | IELTS Accepted? | TOEFL Accepted? |
| USA | Yes | Yes |
| UK | Yes | Limited |
| Canada | Yes | Yes |
| Australia | Yes | Yes |
| Europe | Yes | Some institutions |
| Asia | Yes | Yes |
Most universities and immigration bodies accept either test. Still, check the specific institution or agency requirements.
IELTS vs TOEFL: Pros and Cons
Both IELTS and TOEFL have their pros and cons. Understanding these can help you choose the test that best matches your learning style, goals, and comfort level. Here’s a quick breakdown for each exam.
IELTS Pros:
- Face-to-face speaking test
- Accepts British and other accents
- Paper-based and computer-based options
- Widely accepted in the UK, Australia, Canada
IELTS Cons:
- Face-to-face speaking may be stressful
- Scoring can feel less precise
TOEFL Pros:
- Fully computer-based
- More objective grading (automated)
- Academic language focus
- Strong acceptance in US universities
TOEFL Cons:
- Only one format (iBT)
- Speaking to a computer may feel awkward
Should You Take IELTS or TOEFL?
Here are some guiding questions to help you decide:
- Do you want to study in the USA? TOEFL might be preferred.
- Do you need a visa for the UK, Canada, or Australia? IELTS is often required.
- Do you feel more confident speaking to a person? Choose IELTS.
- Do you prefer working on a computer? Choose TOEFL.
- Are you better at open-ended or multiple-choice questions?
How to Prepare for IELTS
- Use official IELTS practice materials.
- Take timed practice tests.
- Practice speaking with a tutor or friend.
- Read newspapers and academic texts.
- Watch English news and documentaries.
How to Prepare for the TOEFL
- Take TOEFL iBT practice tests online.
- Improve typing speed for writing tasks.
- Listen to academic lectures and podcasts.
- Practice structured essay writing.
- Record your voice and analyze responses.
Final Thoughts
Both IELTS and TOEFL assess your English language ability. The right test depends on your goals and preferences. Check your institution’s requirements and choose the test that plays to your strengths. With the right preparation, you can succeed in either exam.
Choose wisely, prepare well, and give it your best shot!
